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Preoperative Mapping

Preoperative Mapping helps physicians plan brain tumor surgery using advanced tools such as navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), connectomics and fluorescence-guided surgery to support safer, more precise treatment.

  • Brain & Spine Tumors

    We have decades of experience caring for patients with brain & spine tumors, pioneering minimally invasive treatments and leading research for new treatments to improve patient outcomes.

What Is Preoperative Mapping?

Preoperative mapping is a group of advanced planning and surgical support techniques used before and during brain tumor surgery. These tools help physicians understand how a tumor relates to important brain areas that control movement, language and other functions.

Preoperative Mapping may include navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (navigated TMS), connectomics and fluorescence-guided surgery. Together, these approaches can help the care team plan a more precise operation and work to protect healthy brain tissue whenever possible.

Why Choose Baptist Health?

Baptist Health Brain & Spine Care provides coordinated care for people who need evaluation and treatment for brain and spine conditions. For patients who may need preoperative mapping, care often involves a multidisciplinary team that can include neurosurgeons, neurologists, neuroradiologists, neuro-oncologists and rehabilitation specialists.

Baptist Health focuses on careful treatment planning, clear communication and personalized recommendations based on each patient’s diagnosis, symptoms and imaging results. When advanced mapping is appropriate, it is used to help physicians better understand the safest path forward.

Why Choose Baptist Health?

How It Works

Preoperative Mapping combines imaging, brain network analysis and surgical guidance tools to help physicians prepare for surgery.

Navigated TMS uses targeted magnetic pulses over the scalp to identify brain areas involved in movement and, in some cases, language. The test is linked to brain imaging so physicians can map function in relation to the tumor.

Connectomics looks at how brain regions are connected through networks. This can help the care team understand which pathways may be important to preserve during surgery.

Fluorescence-guided surgery uses a special fluorescent agent, when appropriate, to help certain tumor tissue stand out during surgery. This may help surgeons better distinguish tumor from surrounding tissue in selected cases.

Who May Benefit

Preoperative mapping may be considered for people with brain tumors located close to areas that control speech, movement, sensation or other important functions.

It may also be helpful when:

  • Imaging suggests the tumor is near critical brain pathways
  • The goal is to remove as much tumor as possible while protecting function
  • Symptoms are worsening or affecting daily life
  • A physician needs more information to plan the safest surgical approach

A full evaluation is needed to decide whether these tools are appropriate for a specific patient.

Benefits and Risks

Potential benefits of preoperative mapping may include:

  • More detailed surgical planning
  • Better understanding of the tumor’s relationship to functional brain areas
  • Support for a more precise approach during surgery
  • Added information that may help reduce the risk of injury to important brain tissue

Possible risks or limitations depend on the specific technique used. These may include:

  • Discomfort during mapping
  • The need for additional testing
  • Added preparation time
  • Limits in how clearly a tumor can be defined
  • Limits on whether fluorescence-guided surgery is appropriate for the tumor type and surgical plan

Individual risks should be reviewed with the treating physician.

What to Expect

  • Before surgery, patients may have brain imaging and other tests to help the team understand the tumor’s size, location and effect on nearby brain tissue. If navigated TMS is recommended, the care team explains how the mapping session works and what the patient may feel during testing.

  • If surgery is performed, the surgeon uses the treatment plan created from preoperative mapping to guide the operation. In selected cases, fluorescence guidance may be used during surgery to help identify tumor tissue more clearly. The exact approach depends on the tumor type, location and overall surgical goals.

  • After surgery, the care team monitors recovery closely. Follow-up may include imaging, symptom checks, rehabilitation support and discussion of next steps, which can vary based on the final diagnosis and how much tumor could be safely treated.

Recovery

Recovery depends on the type of surgery performed, the part of the brain involved and the patient’s overall health. Some people return home in a short period, while others may need inpatient recovery, rehabilitation or additional treatment. The physician will explain what recovery may look like for the individual situation.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Preoperative mapping is used to help plan brain tumor surgery. It gives physicians more information about the tumor’s location and its relationship to important brain areas, which can support a safer and more precise surgical approach.

  • No. Preoperative mapping is not a surgery by itself. It refers to tests and planning tools used before and during an operation to guide treatment decisions and help the surgeon protect brain function when possible.

  • Navigated TMS is a noninvasive mapping technique that uses magnetic pulses on the scalp to identify parts of the brain involved in movement and sometimes language. The results are matched with imaging to support surgical planning.

  • Connectomics is the study of how different parts of the brain connect and communicate. In surgical planning, it may help physicians understand important brain networks and pathways that should be considered before removing a tumor.

  • Fluorescence-guided surgery uses a special agent that can make some tumor tissue glow under certain surgical lighting. This may help the surgeon better see selected tumor tissue during an operation.

  • Patients may be considered when a brain tumor is close to areas that control movement, speech or other important functions. Candidacy depends on the tumor type, location, symptoms and the overall treatment plan.

  • It may help physicians better understand the safest way to approach surgery, but it does not remove all risk. Every brain tumor and every operation is different, so the care team will explain the expected benefits and limits for each patient.

  • Recovery is tied more to the surgery itself than to the mapping process. It can vary widely based on the tumor location, the type of procedure performed and whether rehabilitation or additional treatment is needed.

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