Migraine

A migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe head pain. Unlike typical headaches, migraines often involve additional symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. Some people also experience warning signs, known as aura, before a migraine begins.

Migraines can last for hours or even days and may interfere with work, school and daily activities. While the exact cause is not fully understood, migraines are believed to involve changes in brain activity and nerve signaling.

There are several types of migraines, including:

• Migraine without aura (common migraine)
• Migraine with aura (classic migraine)
• Chronic migraine (15 or more headache days per month)
• Vestibular migraine (associated with dizziness or balance issues)
• Hemiplegic migraine (rare type causing temporary weakness on one side of the body)

Understanding the type of migraine can help guide the most effective treatment plan.

Migraine symptoms can vary but commonly include:

• Throbbing or pulsating head pain, often on one side
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Sensitivity to sound (phonophobia)
• Visual disturbances, such as flashes of light or blind spots
• Dizziness or difficulty concentrating

Symptoms may develop gradually and can last from a few hours to several days.

The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:

• Genetic predisposition or family history
• Hormonal changes, particularly in women
• Stress and emotional factors
• Certain foods and beverages, such as caffeine or alcohol
• Sleep disturbances
• Environmental triggers, including bright lights or strong odors

Identifying personal triggers can play a key role in managing migraines.

Diagnosing migraines typically involves a detailed medical history and physical examination. Your doctor may ask about your symptoms, frequency of headaches and any potential triggers.

In some cases, imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans may be used to rule out other neurological conditions. Accurate diagnosis is essential to developing an effective treatment plan.

Migraine treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing future attacks. Options may include:

• Medications to relieve pain during an attack
• Botulinum toxin injections and other preventive medications to reduce frequency and severity
• Lifestyle modifications, such as stress management and sleep improvement
• Behavioral therapies, including relaxation techniques

Advanced care may also include targeted therapies designed to address the underlying neurological mechanisms of migraines.

Untreated or severe migraines can lead to complications, including:

• Chronic migraine
• Headaches from medication overuse
• Increased risk of anxiety or depression
• Reduced quality of life

Early diagnosis and treatment can help minimize these risks.

While migraines cannot always be prevented, certain strategies may help reduce their frequency:

• Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule
• Managing stress effectively
• Avoiding known triggers
• Staying hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet
• Following a prescribed preventive treatment plan

If you experience frequent or severe migraines, seeking medical care can help you find relief and prevent complications. A specialist can work with you to identify triggers, confirm your diagnosis and develop a personalized treatment plan.

To schedule a visit with a Baptist Health Brain & Spine Care provider, fill out an appointment request form or call 833-596-3876.