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Lumbar Discectomy

Lumbar discectomy is a surgery that removes part of a damaged disc in the lower back to relieve pressure on a spinal nerve.

  • Spine Surgery

    We have decades of experience caring for patients with back and spine conditions, pioneering minimally invasive treatments and leading research for new treatments to improve patient outcomes.

What Is a Lumbar Discectomy?

A lumbar discectomy is a surgical treatment for a damaged disc in the lower back. It removes the part of the disc that is pressing on a nearby nerve.

This treatment is most often used when a herniated disc causes ongoing leg pain, numbness, tingling or weakness. It may help people whose symptoms have not improved with rest, physical therapy, medicine or other nonsurgical care.

Why Choose Baptist Health?

Baptist Health Brain & Spine Care provides coordinated care for people with spine conditions, from diagnosis through recovery. Your care team may include spine surgeons, pain specialists, imaging experts, rehabilitation professionals and other specialists who work together to build a treatment plan around your symptoms, goals and overall health.

When surgery is appropriate, the focus is on using the least invasive approach that can safely relieve pressure on the nerve and support recovery. Patients also have access to follow-up care, rehabilitation and guidance on next steps after treatment.

Why Choose Baptist Health?

How It Works

During a lumbar discectomy, a surgeon makes a small incision in the lower back and moves tissue aside to reach the spine. The damaged part of the disc that is pressing on the nerve is removed. In some cases, only a small amount of disc material is taken out. The goal is to relieve nerve compression while preserving as much of the healthy disc as possible.

Who May Benefit

A lumbar discectomy may be recommended for people who have symptoms linked to a herniated disc in the lower back, especially when pain travels into the buttock or leg. It may be considered when symptoms:

  • Have not improved with nonsurgical treatment
  • Are getting worse over time
  • Interfere with walking, sleep, work or daily activities
  • Include weakness, ongoing numbness or severe nerve pain such as sciatica

A full evaluation is needed to determine whether this treatment is the right option.

Benefits and Risks

Potential benefits of lumbar discectomy may include relief of leg pain caused by nerve pressure, improved movement and a better ability to return to daily activities. Back pain may improve too, but the main purpose of surgery is usually to reduce symptoms caused by a pinched nerve.

Risks vary from person to person, but may include bleeding, infection, a tear in the tissue around the nerves, anesthesia-related complications, continued symptoms or a disc problem that returns later. Your physician will review the possible benefits and risks with you before treatment.

What to Expect

  • Before a lumbar discectomy, you will usually have an exam, a review of your symptoms and imaging such as an MRI to confirm which disk is causing nerve pressure. Your care team may review medicines, give pre-surgery instructions and explain when to stop eating or drinking before the procedure.

  • A lumbar discectomy is usually performed in a hospital or surgery center. You are typically given anesthesia so you do not feel pain during the procedure. The surgeon removes the part of the disk pressing on the nerve, then closes the incision.

  • After surgery, you will be monitored as you wake up. Some people go home the same day, while others may need a short hospital stay. Walking is often encouraged early. Your care team will explain activity limits, incision care, pain control and follow-up visits.

Recovery

Recovery after a lumbar discectomy varies based on overall health, the extent of the procedure and the type of work or activity you do. Many people begin light activity soon after surgery, but lifting, bending and twisting may be limited for a period of time. Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve strength, movement and body mechanics. Recovery timing should be confirmed with your care team.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • A lumbar discectomy treats nerve symptoms caused by a damaged disc in the lower back. It is most often used when disc material presses on a nerve and causes leg pain, tingling, numbness or weakness.

  • It can be one treatment option when sciatica is caused by a lower back disc pressing on a nerve. Sciatica is a symptom pattern, while lumbar discectomy is a surgical procedure.

  • It may be considered when symptoms from a herniated disc do not improve with nonsurgical care, are getting worse, or are affecting strength, walking or daily life. Candidacy should always be confirmed by a physician.

  • Not always. The main goal is usually to relieve pain, numbness or weakness caused by pressure on a nerve. Some back pain may improve, but results vary depending on the cause of symptoms.

  • Recovery time varies. Some people resume light activities fairly quickly, while others need more time before returning to work, exercise or heavy lifting. Your physician will guide you based on your surgery and overall health.

  • Yes. Possible risks include infection, bleeding, anesthesia-related complications, injury to nearby tissue, continued symptoms or a recurrent disc herniation. Your care team will explain the risks that apply to your situation.

  • Yes. Depending on your symptoms, alternatives may include medicine, physical therapy, activity changes, injections or other spine treatments. In some cases, other procedures may be considered based on the condition affecting the spine.

  • Follow-up usually includes a postsurgery visit, guidance on safe activity and monitoring of symptoms as healing progresses. Some patients may also benefit from rehabilitation or physical therapy.

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