Huntington’s Disease

Huntington’s disease is an inherited neurological condition that causes the gradual breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It primarily affects areas responsible for movement, cognition and emotional regulation. Because it is genetic, the condition is passed from parent to child and typically develops in adulthood, although earlier onset can occur.

Symptoms of Huntington’s disease usually develop slowly and worsen over time. They may vary from person to person but commonly include:

• Involuntary movements (chorea), such as jerking or twitching
• Muscle rigidity or stiffness
• Difficulty with coordination and balance
• Slowed thinking or difficulty concentrating
• Memory problems
• Mood changes, including depression or irritability
• Changes in speech and swallowing

Huntington’s disease is caused by a mutation in a specific gene that leads to the production of an abnormal protein. This protein gradually damages brain cells.

Key risk factors include:

• Family history of Huntington’s disease
• Having a parent with the gene mutation (50% chance of inheritance)

Unlike many neurological conditions, lifestyle factors do not cause Huntington’s disease, but overall health may influence how symptoms progress.

Diagnosing Huntington’s disease involves a combination of clinical evaluation and specialized testing. Your care team may use:

• Neurological examination to assess movement, coordination and reflexes
• Cognitive and psychological assessments
• Genetic testing to confirm the presence of the Huntington’s gene mutation
• Brain imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, to evaluate structural changes

Early diagnosis can help guide treatment planning and provide access to supportive care services.

There is currently no cure for Huntington’s disease, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Care plans are personalized and may include:

• Medications to help control movement symptoms and mood changes
• Physical therapy to improve mobility and balance
• Occupational therapy to support daily activities
• Speech therapy for communication and swallowing challenges
• Behavioral health support for emotional and psychological care

A multidisciplinary approach ensures that patients receive comprehensive care tailored to their needs.

As Huntington’s disease progresses, complications can affect multiple aspects of health, including:

• Difficulty walking, increasing fall risk
• Problems with swallowing, leading to nutrition issues
• Cognitive decline and dementia
• Mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety

Managing these complications is an important part of long-term care.

Because Huntington’s disease is a genetic condition, it cannot be prevented. However, individuals with a family history may consider genetic counseling to better understand their risk and make informed decisions.

If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of Huntington’s disease or have a family history of the condition, seeking expert care is an important next step. At Baptist Health Brain & Spine Care, our team provides advanced diagnostics, personalized treatment plans and ongoing support to help you navigate every stage of the condition.

To schedule a visit with a Baptist Health Brain & Spine Care provider, fill out an appointment request form or call 833-596-3876.