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AVM Embolization

AVM embolization is a minimally invasive treatment used to reduce blood flow through an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), helping lower the risk of bleeding and other complications.

  • Stroke & Cerebrovascular Disorders

    We have decades of experience caring for patients with stroke & cerebrovascular disorders, pioneering minimally invasive treatments and leading research for new treatments to improve patient outcomes.

What Is an AVM Embolization?

AVM embolization is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat an arteriovenous malformation (AVM), an abnormal connection between arteries and veins. During the procedure, a physician guides a thin catheter through the blood vessels and delivers special materials that reduce or block blood flow within the AVM.

AVM embolization may be performed as a standalone treatment or as part of a larger treatment plan before surgery or radiosurgery. The goal is to reduce the risk of bleeding and help manage symptoms associated with the AVM.

Why Choose Baptist Health?

Baptist Health Brain & Spine Care brings together specialists in cerebrovascular disease, neurosurgery, neuroradiology and stroke care to evaluate and treat complex vascular conditions of the brain and spine.

Patients benefit from:

  • A multidisciplinary approach to treatment planning
  • Advanced imaging and diagnostic capabilities
  • Expertise in minimally invasive endovascular procedures
  • Coordinated care across neurology, neurosurgery and rehabilitation services
  • Personalized treatment recommendations based on each patient's condition and goals
Why Choose Baptist Health?

How It Works

AVM embolization is performed using endovascular techniques, meaning treatment is delivered from inside the blood vessels. A physician inserts a catheter, typically through an artery in the wrist or groin, and guides it to the AVM using real-time imaging.

Once positioned, embolic materials such as medical-grade liquid agents, particles or coils are released to reduce or stop blood flow through the abnormal vessels. The specific approach depends on the size, location and structure of the AVM.

Who May Benefit

AVM embolization may be considered for people who:

  • Have an AVM that has bled or carries a risk of bleeding
  • Experience symptoms such as headaches, seizures or neurological changes
  • Require treatment before surgical removal of an AVM
  • Are being evaluated for radiosurgery as part of a comprehensive treatment plan

A thorough evaluation is needed to determine whether embolization is appropriate for an individual patient.

Benefits and Risks

Potential Benefits

Potential benefits may include:

  • Reduced blood flow through the AVM
  • Lower risk of future bleeding in selected patients
  • Improved safety of subsequent surgery or radiosurgery
  • Minimally invasive treatment with small access-site incisions
Potential Risks

Potential risks may include:

  • Bleeding or blood vessel injury
  • Stroke or neurological complications
  • Infection
  • Reaction to contrast dye
  • Need for additional procedures

Risks vary based on the location and complexity of the AVM and should be discussed with the treating physician.

What to Expect

  • Patients typically undergo imaging studies such as MRI, CT angiography or cerebral angiography to map the AVM. Your care team will review medications, medical history and preparation instructions before the procedure.

  • The procedure is usually performed in a specialized angiography suite. Sedation or anesthesia may be used depending on the treatment plan. The physician guides a catheter through the blood vessels and delivers embolic material directly into the AVM.

  • Patients are monitored closely following the procedure. Recovery time varies depending on the extent of treatment and overall health. Follow-up imaging may be recommended to evaluate treatment results and determine whether additional therapy is needed.

Recovery

Recovery differs from person to person. Some patients return home within a short period after treatment, while others may require observation or additional care. Follow-up appointments help monitor healing and assess whether further treatment is necessary.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • AVM embolization is considered a minimally invasive endovascular procedure. It is performed through a catheter inserted into a blood vessel rather than through a traditional surgical incision.

  • The procedure treats arteriovenous malformations, which are abnormal tangles of blood vessels that can disrupt normal blood flow and increase the risk of bleeding.

  • In some cases, embolization may significantly reduce or completely close an AVM. In other cases, it is used together with surgery or radiosurgery. Treatment goals vary depending on the AVM.

  • Procedure length depends on the size and complexity of the AVM. Your physician can provide a more specific estimate based on your treatment plan.

  • Some patients receive sedation, while others may receive general anesthesia. The approach depends on the procedure and individual circumstances.

  • Risks may include bleeding, stroke, blood vessel injury, infection or reactions to contrast dye. Your care team will discuss risks specific to your condition.

  • Recovery varies. Some patients recover quickly, while others require additional monitoring or follow-up care. Recovery depends on the complexity of the procedure and overall health.

  • Possibly. Some AVMs require multiple embolization sessions or additional treatment such as surgery or radiosurgery. Follow-up imaging helps guide future care decisions.

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