Tips to Improve Circulation to Your Feet with Diabetes

Maintaining good circulation is crucial for everyone, especially for those living with diabetes. Poor circulation can lead to serious complications, including peripheral artery disease (PAD) and critical limb ischemia (CLI).

There are practical ways for improving circulation to the feet, ranging from home remedies to more advanced medical interventions. But it's essential to understand that conditions such as PAD and CLI can affect your foot circulation.

CLI results from inadequate blood flow to the legs and feet caused by atherosclerosis, or plaque buildup, in the arteries that supply blood to lower extremities. Vital CLI warning signs – which may indicate the need for immediate medical care -- include pain in the leg, ankle or foot while resting, especially at night; and non-healing wounds on the legs or feet with or without pain.

Alex Powell, M.D., diagnostic radiologist and vascular interventional radiologist at Baptist Health Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute.

“What can happen, for example, is that a patient with severe diabetes shows up to whatever doctor’s office with a small wound on his or her foot,” explains Alex Powell, M.D., who specializes in diagnostic radiology and vascular interventional radiology at Baptist Health Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute.  “Tragically, a classic story is after a pedicure or something like that, or a nail clipping, a small wound starts to develop. It looks like nothing at first. But before you know it, as time goes by, that patient can end up with a significant amputation.”

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a condition that occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet become narrowed or blocked, often due to plaque buildup. The top three risk factors for PAD include: Diabetes, high blood pressure, and tobacco use. While not everyone with PAD will experience symptoms, many may feel weakness, fatigue, aching, or cramping in their legs and feet, particularly during physical activity.

Early detection of both PAD and CLI is critical for prevention.

“The sooner we treat it, the better the outcomes,” said Dr. Powell. “If you get to this disease early, you can actually treat it as an outpatient. But if you have a large wound and other high-risk comorbidities, and then you get admitted into the hospital, that can lead to a lengthy hospital stay. So, we’re moving the needle a little bit, but CLI still remains incredibly underdiagnosed and underestimated.”

Here are some practical tips for improving circulation.

1. Stay Active: Regular exercise, such as walking, can significantly enhance circulation. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days of the week. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any new exercise routine.
2. Foot Elevation: Elevating your feet can help reduce swelling and improve blood flow. Try propping your feet up on a pillow when resting.
3. Warm Foot Soaks: Soaking your feet in warm (not hot) water can stimulate blood flow. You can add Epsom salt for additional benefits, but avoid soaking if you have any open wounds.
4. Massage: Gently massaging your feet and legs can encourage blood flow. Consider using oils or creams that provide a warming sensation.
5. Compression Socks: Wearing compression socks can help improve circulation by applying gentle pressure to your legs and feet. Be sure to choose a pair that fits well and is recommended for diabetic patients.

Dietary Considerations

1. Healthy Eating: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help manage blood sugar and blood pressure levels. Foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, like salmon and walnuts, can also support vascular health.
2. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps maintain good blood circulation. Aim for at least 8 glasses a day, adjusting based on activity level and climate.

Medical Interventions

If home remedies aren’t enough, consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation. They may recommend:

1. Medication: Depending on your situation, medications that improve blood flow or lower blood pressure may be necessary.
2. Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can develop a customized exercise program to improve circulation and overall mobility.
3. Surgical Options: In severe cases of PAD or CLI, surgical interventions, such as angioplasty or bypass surgery, may be required to restore blood flow.
4. Regular Check-Ups: Schedule regular appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your foot health and address any circulation concerns promptly.

Why Should People with Diabetes Be Concerned About Circulation Issues to Their Feet?

Individuals with diabetes should be particularly vigilant about circulation issues in their feet for several key reasons:

1. Increased Risk of Complications: Diabetes can lead to nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood circulation, making it easier for minor foot injuries to go unnoticed. When circulation is compromised, the body's ability to heal these injuries diminishes, increasing the risk of infections and ulcers.
2. Higher Likelihood of PAD and CLI: People with diabetes are three to four times more likely to develop peripheral artery disease (PAD). This condition restricts blood flow, which can lead to critical limb ischemia (CLI) if not addressed. CLI poses a significant risk of severe complications, including limb loss.
3. Delayed Healing: Proper circulation is essential for delivering nutrients and oxygen to tissues. When blood flow is impaired, healing processes slow down. This means that even minor cuts or scrapes can become serious problems if they do not heal properly.
4. Impact on Quality of Life: Foot complications from diabetes can lead to chronic pain, limited mobility, and difficulties in daily activities. This not only affects physical health but can also have emotional and psychological impacts.

Improving circulation to your feet is vital for managing diabetes and preventing serious complications. By incorporating home remedies, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking medical advice when necessary, you can take proactive steps toward better foot health.